UNIV 3539 Blog

The major results of the Peace Conference at the Palace of Versailles were that Germanyhad to be completely disarmed and had to give up the territories that were wanting independece. They also had to take full blame and were required to pay for all the damages and restoration that was needed. Germany's economic status soon plumeted to devistating since they were in debt to so many people, soon they didn't have any money for themselves to help their own people. Germany began to have a hyper inflated economy. The prices were going up daily and the people were going hungry. Six million were unemployed. With looking at the disasterest state the country was in because of the war, Hitler saw a way to take everyone's hopes and dreams of a better country and rose to the top and soon gained power over the country.

Even though Wilson's 14 points had a great purpose and meaned well, it still did not hit on what was the main reason for World War I which I believe is why World War II came so closely after.

The U.S. did not join the League because Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and several other Republican Senators were highly against it. They didn't want to see internationalism and didn't want to be a part of any other country's problems.

I believe the US should have entered into the League of Nations simply because it was their idea to begin with. It was our responsibility to make sure it was followed through with.I think even if the US entered into the League, the war was inevitable. The people of Germany were desperate for food, shelter and hope. Hitler knew exactly what they wanted and needed. Whether the US was in it or not, Hitler was there and hid everything he was doing.

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On The Line deals with Henry Ford and his concept of mass production. This unit talks about his idea of an assembly line so that more and more cars could be made in a faster amount of time. His employees began feeling the amount of stress the assembly lines brought to their lives. With the expectation of needing more and more cars made, the workers began having to work harder and longer hours. In a sense, the workers became apart of the machine itself. Ford and other employers began to play their workers more money in order to keep them with their company and they large work load. The production techniques used to make cars, radios, biscuits, and other comsumer products could also be used to produce armaments on an unprecedented scale. This capacity to produce arms increased the power gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized nations. In 1941, as a result of a strike at the Rouge plant, which was when workers were given the right to unionize and bargain collectively with management, the Ford Motor Company did the same and entered into a contract with the United Auto Workers that modeled the American industry for the future. This newly formed American industry was a good thing when the United States went into WWII because the most productive workers and modern assembly line in the task of entering the war.

The major results of the Peace Conference are as follows: Geographically, Germany was disarmed, and the Rhineland was demilitarized. Austria was prohibited from ever merging with Germany, Czechslovakia was created as a buffer to the east, and a restored Poland contained the Polish Corridor, which cut through Germany to the Baltic Sea; Economically, Germany was required to accept full responsiblity for World War I and was required to pay reperations equal to all civilian damges resulting from the War; Politically, Clemeceau agreed to the establishment of the League of Nations, and Wilson agreed to Clemenceu's demand for harsh peace against Germany. It is my belief that the League adequately addressed the issues that brought about the Great War. The reason the U.S. did not join the League was because Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and his constituents had strong reservations about Article 10 of the League covenant, and they did not want to be prohited from declaring war, thus they did not join the League. It is also my belief that our participation in would not have prevented World War II. The League was unable to prevent the rise of Hitler and the rearment of Germany because nationalism and imperialisn was prevelant during that time, and they did not react sufficiently to the invasions in 1931 and 1935 against Japan and Ethiopia, which did not give them enough muscle and credibility to disarm Germany.

Following the Armistice, the victorious Allies, United States (Woodrow Wilson), Italy (Vittorio Emanuele Orlando), Great Britian, (Lloyd George), and France (Georges Clemenceau) the ?Big Four? met to draw up the agreement. Germany the defeated power was not asked to join in the agreement process. This factor may have been one the reason that the Treaty did not with stand time. Of course, the secret treaties that were engaged between the victorious countries during the war were deemed as harsh by President Wilson and did not withstand reticule either.

Short-term treaties were placed on Germany with the Treaty of Versailles, Austria with the Treaty of Saint-German, Bulgaria with the Treaty of Neuilly, Hungary with the Treaty of Trianon, and Ottman Empire with the Treaty of Sevres. The League of Nations was formed to meet medium to long-term goals for the countries involved. In reality it solved very little of the problems that actually caused the first war. It did cripple the losing countries economically which aided in the cause for WWII.

The terms and sanctions placed on Germany may have actually opened the door for the rise of National Socialism or the Nazi movement. Germany and its uprising leader Hitler basically recused Germany from the Treaty and League of Nations and began to build an army. The people of Germany were bitter because of sanctions placed on Germany and were looking for leadership that would stand up and fight for a better Germany. The leadership that stood up unfortunately was Hitler.

The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to financially repair the countries that they invaded which could have been with money, ships, trains, livestock and other valuable natural resources. The army was disbanded to 10,000 and much land was taken. This lead to further distress on the country that had been torn apart from war also. This is another factor that leads to Hitler?s rise. He dead lettered most of the treaty, which gained the people loyalty. Germany alone lost approximately 13% of it European domain and an entire colonial empire.

The United States Senate would not ratify the Treaty of Versailles and therefore never joined the League of Nations even though President Wilson Fourteen Points was the center of same. The Senate believed that this would cause United States to be dragged into another World War.

Employers definitely should not have any say over their workers' private lives. The reason being is whatever a individual does outside of the workplace is that individual's own private matter. I believe as long as one is not slandering the name of the company, the private lives of workers', should be just that, private. An employee's personal life has not affect whatsover on how a person performs or fufills their duties at work. Additionally, I believe Ford's dictation of how a person should live, i.e., refraining from gambling, drinking, family size, are absolutely ludicris. These demands are indeed intrusive. As it relates to Ford's attempt to force assimilation on his workers (American values), is intrusive as well. As stated in the readings, the goverment's demand as well as employer's demand to force assimilation was met with hostility with the evolving population. This individuals wanted to keep and maintain their cultural differences because it kept them connected to their homeland as well as distinctly different. The freedom to pratice one's own beliefs helps them to maintain individuality.

Red Flag-Lost Peace Blog

The major results of the Peace Conference at the Palace of Versailles were that Germany had to give up territories which lead to the springtime of Nations during the 1920?s. Economically, the Germans were devastated by the punitive damages they had to pay to the Allies which would take seventy years. They had a hyper inflated economy. The prices were going up daily and the people were going hungry. Six million were unemployed. When looking at how the Peace Conference affected German politics, it gave Hitler an easier way to gain power. He gave the Germans hope again.

The treaty and the League did not adequately address the issues that brought about the Great War. They ignored the German dissatisfaction which I believe lead to World War II.

The U.S. did not join the League because the Congress voted not to ratify the treaty. Americans feared that being apart of the League of Nations would draw them into another unwanted war. They were an ocean away and did not want to be in the middle of the European problems.

Could U.S. participation have prevented World War II? Possibly, since Wilson in his first proposals of peace did not seem to the German?s to be as harsh as the final draft. The German may not have been so desperate to believe Hitler?s rhetoric. Probably, the war would have still happened. Americans more than likely did not have any better listening skills than the rest of the nations.

The League was unable to prevent the rise of Hitler and the rearmament of Germany because they created the perfect environment in Germany for Hitler to take power. The treaty was so harsh on the Germany people that they became desperate for hope and change. The Germans were starving and six million were unemployed. Hitler came along with hope and a new life back on top. The League had no teeth to enforce any laws or the treaty. Germany faced no consequence for breaking the treaty.

Amy Cox (Wiley)

Henry Ford?s concept of mass production was honed to perfection in the early decades of the 20th century with the Model T. The techniques of the moving assembly line brought a supreme efficiency to the use of labor, materials, time and space. Ford passed some of the savings on to the customer. Although the first Model T was sold for $850, the price eventually dropped to under $300. Ford produced the Model T from 1908 until 1927, building fifteen million cars.

The dehumanizing production conditions led to a yearly employee turnover rate greater than 400 percent and daily absenteeism of fifteen to twenty percent. To combat this ?waste,? Ford introduced the Five Dollar Day in 1914 as an incentive to lure good workers. [Average daily wage in the automobile industry at the time was $2.94!] To determine who was ?fit? to receive the $5.00 wage, the company organized the Sociological Department to examine the private lives of employees. Investigators from the Sociological Department visited workers' homes and suggested ways to achieve the company's standards for "better morals," sanitary living conditions, and "habits of thrift and saving.?

Should employers have any say over their workers? private lives? Were Henry Ford?s efforts to insure his workers learned English, lived in single-family homes, didn?t drink or gamble, and adopted American values appropriate or too intrusive?

Sorry- accidentally posted my writing assignment to the blog...

***This entry was also made at the Memphis ecourse site***



War Propaganda was one of most widely used tactic to entice young men to come to the aid of their country. Slogans used in the United Stated such as that ?Our country will always be proudest of those who answered the FIRST CALL? (Leslie-Judge Co.1917) was one of many that encourage those who could to sign up to fight. The enticement was the reason that many young men joined their country in the fight but did not have any idea of what to expect. This same young men that spoke on the PBS series ?Killing Fields? would not give you the same grandeur of the War or the cause.

The conditions that these men were expected to live and fight in were deplorable at best which had to take away from the courageous optimistic feelings that they entered the war.

The United Stated did come to the rescue in a since as this war could have gone much longer with millions of more lives lost. We entered the war with fresh, healthy bodies of young men who had not yet lost their vigor to fight. This vigor would bring fight back to those who were in despair over the promise of a short war. In addition, our force commanders kept the troops together. By the time United Stated entered the War, the non accomplishing war tactics of sending in troops knowing one can not win, had all but ended.

Germany may have fought to end but the troops were discouraged and beaten. If Germany had stuck to their original plan, the war may have ended in very different manner with Germany and allies victorious. Furthermore, they did not expect the United States to act as quickly nor did they expect as many men to be sent to fight. With nowhere to go and now out gunned the spread-thinned German army and allies had been beaten with great empires l

The Age of Hope was a time of mass interest in science. New ideas and new inventions fueled this time. Europe was having its own industrial revolution at this time and the people were living better than ever. Electricity had come about and it was used in every shape and fashion in order to make living better for everyone. Even the poor could go and watch movies. It was a great time for most everybody. Most people were starting to use electricity for everything, heat, entertainment, and even just to show off wealth. There were huge displays at the fairs and people were loving everything. This period was called the age of hope for a reason, it was called this because it was a time were even the poorest of the poor could wish for the greatest of all things, and not have to know that they are just imagining it. It might actually happen one day.

Killing Fields

During the War there were many soldiers ready and willing to go to war for their country. New weapons called for new tactics. Most of the soldiers didn?t get to see these new tactics because they used the same tactics but with the new advancements in automatic rifles, it sent them to their death. After seeing how these new weapons could be used, the war was taken over by slaughtering soldiers everyday on the battle field. Fox holes and trenches came into use and many generals planned out every move with great thought, for it could be there last.

As in the, "Age of Hope," Europeans were being to evolve and adopt the principle of Liberalism. They were beginning to demand social equality and believed that if they went to war, they would not only be able to express themselves freely but, to physically defend themselves and their beliefs. I believe that that the real reason that Europeans were so eager to go to war is because they believed that if they all banded together and fought for a just cause they would inevitably win the war; it was just a matter of going for it and getting it over with. Additionally, there had been a sense of peace and tranqulity throughout and soldiers were eagerly anticipated a victory that was sure to come quickly and easily. The experiences of ordinary soldiers and their expectations were vastly different. As stated in the broadcast, soldiers expected excitement adventure, and glory. However, when the soldiers actually began fighting, it was a different story. According to the readings, in training soldiers were taught how to properly salute an officer, which was a skill, or lack thereof, that could be utilized in the trenches on the battlefield. There was fierce fighting and soldiers were dying by the millions, due to poor training. The conditions of the actual war was not expected. Men would be shot and left for dead and because so many of them were dying, their carcasses were eaten by rats and left to decompose in the trenches. Food was scarce and soldiers were forced to eat horsemeat to gain substinence; men suffered from lice and inhaled poisonous gas. The Great War finally ended in favor of the U.S. and the Allies. The reason the war ended is because Germany ran out of supplies and their defense was weakened because they were outnumbered by the U.S. and the French closed the Belgium frontier, which resulted in them losing their main supplies: oil and food. The American troops indeed saved the day. It is my belief that the allies truly won. They outnumbered the Germans and worked a skill plan to bring Germany to its knees.

Lost Peace focuses on the hopes and dreams of the people after World War I. These people who had to go through this terrible time really thought this would be the last of all wars. Although there was a great attitude of optimism when the war ended, there was also a big amount of disillusionment after the war due to all the post war settlements. A huge thing for people to face after the war was over was all those people that were left behind and did not survive through the war. At the Versailles Peace Conference of 1919, American President Woodrow Wilson held out a promise to the "silent masses of mankind," of a "people's peace" -- a peace made secure by the new League of Nations and the achievement of universal disarmament. This gave many people the hope a new and better life, and to work toward the peaceful resolution of all future and potential international conflicts. Many new nations were able to experience a great new life of having freedom, while Germany went backwards and found themselves crippled by hyper-inflation. The United States did not join in on the League of Nations, they were not very concerned with the dealings of other countries at that time. In other countries, facisism and militarism were on the rise.No one, even the veterans of the first World War thought they would have to go back into war, but sure enough fifty five million people were about to lose their lives in World War II. So, yet again there was a sense of "lost peace" for many, many people living to deal with the second world war, and all the post traumatic effects of it afterwards; just as many had to deal with from WWI.

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The program is called the "Age of Hope" because the anticipation of a better quality of life for the people of Europe had sparked a widespread belief of resilience and drive for social change. As stated in the readings, ?The dawn of the twentieth century was steeped in hope and optimism. It was a new age of enlightenment: the extension of education, the emergence of mass communication, and new mobility -- all would revolutionize and enrich modern life.? These advancements in technology, also known as the Industrial Revolution, gave promise that their current disposition would soon falter and sovereignty would prevail. For example, during the program, the construction of the Titanic was viewed as on the most marveled and phenomenal contrivance of the modern era. It was believed that this great ship would transport oppressed individuals from totalitarianism to a paradise in America, until its fateful sinking which still haunts the remaining survivors today. This era also marked the significant beginnings of political and social change. The population?s eagerness for political and social change was like fighting an uphill battle. Between lobbying for social equality, for both African-American minorities and women, to escaping political and social persecution in Europe, people all over the world were beginning to develop a sense of liberalism. However, their hopes were not realized. In their quest for social equality, the population confronted the powers that be to guard their cultural diversity in a society that often demanded assimilation. In response to the pressure, the government offered the people protection to worker?s rights, and the extension of the right to vote, but this was all used in vain. These devices were actually pawns for manipulation. In summation, this apparatus gave the authorities control over the masses to gain momentum in the emerging society.

The killing fields of the Great War produced unexpected results in 1917. After almost three years of unrelenting slaughter, the French Army mutinied?had the Germans known they might well have pushed through to victory before the United States could make its entry into the conflict felt. More ominously, and with repercussions throughout the rest of the twentieth century until today, the long-suffering peoples of Russia revolted and brought the Romanov dynasty to an end. The provisional government?s failure to extricate itself from the war gave the Germans the opportunity to send the exiled V.I. Lenin by train across Germany to incite trouble. Lenin and his minority party (for propaganda reasons called the Bolsheviks or the Majority) staged a coup d? état and replaced the provisional government with the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Worker?s Council). The proletarian revolution envisaged by Marx seventy years earlier had occurred in the least likely of places.


Lenin immediately withdrew from the war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) and surrendered huge swathes of Russian territory to Germany. By late 1918, British, French and American armed forces were in Russia aiding the so-called ?White? Russians in their civil war against the Bolsheviks.


Following the Armistice, the victorious Allies met at the Palace of Versailles to draw up a settlement. What were the major results of the Peace Conference, geographically, economically, and politically? Did the treaty and the resultant League adequately address the issues that brought about the Great War? Why did the United States not join the League? Would our participation have saved the world from the Second World War? Why was the League unable to prevent the rise of Hitler and the rearmament of Germany?

The Russian Revoultion has been thought of as one of the most influential, but not successful, revolutions in the twentieth century. It was not a pleasant time period for the people living in Russia. They were very oppressed, and unable to live the way they pleased or participate in the activities they wanted to. Every aspect of their lives were ruled by their Tsar, Lenin and his party, the Bolsheviks. The people of Russia, especially the peasants and working class, felt they were working for equality and justice for their lives in the future, and that they were special and needed to spread communism to the rest of the world.These people wanted to believe that in the future they would be able to enjoy equality and justice in their lives if they joined in as communist, and that is how so many people joined in the communist mission. The goal of the Russian Revolution was for industrializatin of Russia, but the problem with this goal is that the people participating in making this goal come true; was that it was at the people of Russia's expense,sometimes meaning death. This revolution in Russia could have transformed all of world society, but in Russia it was lead by ruthless leaders who caused much harm to the people of Russia. In Red Flag, we are able to see real life stories of people who experienced Communism first hand. We can see through them how they wanted to believe that Communism was going to make their dreams come true in the future for themselves and their families, but how instead it turned their lives upside down and into a scary, sad nightmare that no one will forget.

Europeans countries had been on top of the world. Expectations were great. They were easily persuaded to follow the government due to the glory and grandeur associated with the patriotic war. It was their patriotic duty to support the war.

The soldiers soon discovered they were not properly prepared to go to battle. They had bayonet training but little target shooting, grenade and automatic weapon training. They were ill supplied with weapons, ammunition, food, water, and drugs. The soldiers lived in trenches which caused dysentery illnesses. Rats and lice caused problems for the soldiers. The rats ate on corpses. Some soldiers could not take the deplorable conditions and left, when found they were executed. They were willing to take the chance of being executed than stay in the trenches.

I believe the war finally ended because everyone was tired. The Allies got a second wind when the US entered the war. The German?s felt they could not hold out against the fresh legs of the US. Does anyone really win when 9 million soldiers and 15 million civilians die? I don?t believe you can call anyone a winner. Everyone was losers and just tired of fighting!